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[6/11] Left Wing Extremism: Developmental Scheme

    In order to holistically address the LWE problem in an effective manner, Government has formulated National Policy and Action Plan adopting multi-pronged strategy in the areas of security, development, ensuring rights & entitlement of local communities etc.
    1. Backward Regions Grants Fund-
    It is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. The fund will provide financial resources for supplementing and converging existing developmental inflows into 250 identified districts. This aims at filling local infrastructural gaps, strengthening local government institutions and building mechanisms for professional help to these local bodies.

    1. Panchayat (Extension to Schedule Areas) Act of 1996 (PESA)-
    This act (PESA) exempted scheduled areas (Schedule V) from certain provisions of 73rd amendment. It also modified certain other provisions. Through PESA certain powers are given to gram sabha, which under 73rdamendment might not have been available to them (because of state’s discretion). It is an important legislation empowering tribals in the field of local self-government through gram sabha.

    The Left Wing Extremism affected States have been asked to effectively implement the provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA)(360 KB) on priority, which categorically assigns rights over minor forest produce to the Gram Sabhas.

    1. National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme and The Schedule Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 – In short Forest Rights Act-
    The law concerns the rights of forest-dwelling communities to land and other resources, denied to them over decades as a result of the continuance of colonial forest laws in India.
    This act recognized rights of tribals over minor forest produce. Recently, Forest Minor Produce was also covered under Minimum Selling Price regime.


    1. New land acquisition act which includes, consent, enhanced compensation, social impact assessment and Rehabilitation & Resettlement of displaced. 

    1. Additional Central Assistance (ACA)-(Old name-Integrated Action Plan (IAP))- The Additional Central Assistance for LWE affected districts, which focuses on creation of public infrastructure and services, was earlier being implemented as the Integrated Action Plan (IAP) since the year 2010-11. The continuation of IAP as ACA Scheme for the remaining years of 12th Five Year Plan was approved by the Government on 01.08.2013. The Scheme which initially covered 60 districts, now covers 88 districts including 76 LWE affected districts in the 10 LWE affected States (Andhra Pradesh-04, Bihar-11, Chhattisgarh-14, Jharkhand-17, Madhya Pradesh-10, Maharashtra-04, Odisha-18, Telangana-04, Uttar Pradesh-03 and West Bengal-03).
    ACA has been transferred to the States giving  them sufficient flexibility to conceive and implement schemes/programmes suited to their local needs and aspirations, including requirements to bridge the developmental deficit gaps in backward regions within the States.
    It's being implemented by the NITI Aayog.
    1. Skill Development related Schemes-
    A-ROSHNI-  ROSHNI is a special initiative under, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (Formerly Ajeevika Skills), launched in June 2013 for training and placement of rural poor youth from 27 LWE affected districts in 09 States (Andhra Pradesh-01, Bihar-02, Chhattisgarh-08, Jharkhand-06, Madhya Pradesh-01, Maharashtra-01, Odisha-06, Uttar Pradesh-01 and West Bengal-01)
    • Provides beneficiaries aged between 18-35 years with requisite training for the trade or job chosen through public-private partnerships in the fields of tailoring, construction, mobile repairing, nursing and retail.
    • Pro-actively covers Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTGs) on priority basis.
    • Funded by Central and State govt. in the ratio of 75:25
    • Similar to "Himayat" being run in J&K

    B-Skill Development in 34 Districts affected by Left Wing Extremism- Main objectives of the Scheme “Skill Development in 34 Districts affected by Left Wing Extremism” under implementation from 2011-12 are to establish 01 ITI and 02 Skill Development Centres each in 34 LWE affected districts of 09 States (Telangana-01, Bihar-06, Chhattisgarh-07, Jharkhand-10, Madhya Pradesh-01, Maharashtra-02, Odisha-05, Uttar Pradesh-01 and West Bengal-01) and to run demand driven vocational training courses comprising Long Term training and Short Term training and Instructor Training courses.
    Under the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana youth of LWE districts will receive skill training for self-employment. At present 32 of the 35 most affected LWE districts have been covered in the scheme. 

    Skill Development Scheme is being implemented for the purpose of establishing Skill Centers for training the youth of LWE affected districts of 09 States. The scope of this scheme has been expanded from 34 to 47 LWE affected districts. 47 ITIs and 64 Skill Development Centers were also to be opened under the scheme. Out of these, construction work have been completed in 12 ITIs and 34 Skill Development Centers.

    1. LWE Mobile Tower Project- Ministry of Communication & IT is implementing the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) supported Scheme of Mobile Services in LWE affected areas in the 10 LWE affected States to improve mobile connectivity in the LWE areas. The project was approved by the Government on 20.08.2014 to provide Mobile Services in 2199 locations. 2187 mobile towers have been installed and the project stands completed.
    Phase-II of Installation of Mobile Towers is being initiated after incorporating the experiences and problems of Phase-I.
    1. Scheme of Fortified Police stations- The Ministry has sanctioned 400 police stations in 10 LWE affected States at a unit cost Rs. 2 crores under this scheme. A total of 373 of PSs have been completed, work at 27 PSs is under progress.
    2. Civic Action Programme (CAP)- This scheme is under implementation from 2010-11 in LWE affected areas. Under this scheme funds are provided to CAPFs (CRPF, BSF, ITBP and SSB) @ Rs. 3.00 lakh per company per year for conducting various civic activities for welfare of local poor peoples in LWE affected areas. This is a very successful scheme to bridge the gap between the Security Forces and the local people and also helpful for winning their hearts and minds.
    3. GIS Mapping- LWE Division initiated a new proposal of GIS mapping of the essential services in the 35 most affected LWE districts. A project has been initiated for mapping of financial services, school, post offices, health facilities, mobile towers, PDS services, Road and security features etc. in time bound manner. This will help to the stakeholder to take informed decision on the developmental and security related issues.

    1. Unified Command- A Unified Command has been set up in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand , Odisha and West Bengal. The Unified Command have officers from the security establishment, besides civilian officers representing the civil administration and it will carry out carefully planned counter LWE measures.

    1. Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme- Under the Security Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme, assistance is provided to 106 LWE affected districts in 10 States for recurring expenditure relating to operational needs of security forces, training and insurance and also for Left Wing Extremist cadres who surrender in accordance with the surrender and rehabilitation policy of the concerned State Government, community policing, security related infrastructure by village defence committees and publicity material.
    2. SPECIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHEME: 
    In 11th five year plan Rs. 500 Cr. were earmarked for infrastructure development which are critical for progress and are not covered by other schemes.

    1. ROAD REQUIREMENT PLAN (RRP) FOR LWE AREAS:
    A-Road Requirement Plan-I (RRP-I)- For improving road connectivity, the Government approved the Road Requirement Plan Phase-I (RRP-I) on 26.02.2009 covering 34 LWE affected districts of 8 States i.e. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.

    Out of 8 bridges, 2 have been completed in Telangana (1) and Maharashtra (1)

    It is being implemented by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways

    B-Road Connectivity Project for LWE affected areas (RRP-II)- The Government approved this scheme on 28.12.2016 for further improving road connectivity in 44 districts of 9 LWE affected States. This Scheme envisages 5412 km roads and 126 bridges at an estimated cost of Rs. 11,725 Crores. Ministry of Rural Development is the nodal Ministry for this project. The roads included under the scheme have been identified by the Ministry of Home Affairs in consultation with the State Governments and the security agencies.

    1. PRIME MINISTER RURAL DEVELOPMENT FELLOWSHIP (PMRDF)-
    It is launched by M.O.R.D for providing capacity building opportunity to well qualified young professional to carryout grassroot development in LWE affected districts. They would work along with district administration on any matter related to IAP, thus providing the tribal with points of contact and humane touch in understanding their problems.

    1. SURRENDER CUM REHABILITATION SCHEME-
    It is launched in on 1st April, 2013 for extremists, allowing them to wean away from extremist movements and ensure that didn’t join the movement again. The scheme takes care of rehabilitation of extremists to mainstream life, and helps them to live a better life.

    An immediate grant of Rs. 2.5 lakh for higher ranked LWE cadres like (i) State Committee Members (ii)Regional Committee Members (iii) Central  Committee Members (iv) Politbureau Members, and Rs. 1.5 lakh for middle/lower ranked LWE cadres like (i) Area Commanders (ii) Sub-zonal Commanders (iii) Zonal Commanders (iv) Any hardcore LWE Cadre identified by the State Screening-cum-Rehabilitation Committee, shall be kept in a bank in the name of the surrenderee as a fixed deposit which may be withdrawn by the surrenderee after completion of 3 years, subject to good behaviour certified by the authorities designated for this purpose by the States concerned. This money can also be utilized as collateral security/margin money against loans to be availed of by the surrenderee from any bank for self-employment.

    The persons eligible under the scheme WII be initially lodged in a rehabilitation camp where they will be imparted training in a trade/vocation of their liking or befitting their aptitude. They shall be paid a monthly stipend of Rs.4000/- each for a maximum period of 36 months. However, if the Surrenderee Secures any employment in the Government, the monthly stipend will be discontinued.


    1. In the area of financial inclusion special efforts in the last two financial years, especially in the 35 worst affected districts have led to the opening of 358 Bank branches and 752 ATMs. 1789 new Post Offices have also been sanctioned for these districts.

    1. The Deendayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) is being implemented for the electrification of un-electrified villages in the entire country. For the LWE districts special focus is being given under this scheme. The electrification of 5778 villages has been completed and a target of December, 2017 has been set, for the electrification of the remaining 1461 villages.

    1. In the field of Education- Special efforts are being made. Under this, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNV) are being opened in 05 districts of the 35 worst affected LWE districts. These districts did not have any JNV earlier. In addition, new Kendriya Vidyalayas are planned to be opened in 11 most affected LWE districts. Proposals from 08 districts have already been approved, and work commenced. 

    Under the National Secondary Education Campaign, construction of 348 hostels have been approved in 354 educationally backward blocks of 35 most affected districts. Construction of 100 hostels has been completed and work on 82 hostels is in progress. 94 hostels have actually started functioning so far.

    1. To improve Rail Connectivity a number of projects have been sanctioned. The progress of these projects is very good. However, land acquisition is a hurdle because of which many projects have not taken off. I would like that problems and issues regarding land acquisition should be resolved by the States at the earliest so that the projects may take off soon and get completed.

    1. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Resources was undertaking several Solar Parks, Solar Lighting and Solar Pumps schemes for providing low cost energy to LWE affected States.
    2.  Apart from above mentioned schemes, schemes like Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY), Integrated Watershed Management Program, Backward Region Grant Fund(BRGF) etc. have relaxed norms when implemented in LWE affected districts.

    1. In order to secure better co-operation, Chief Minister’s Conference on Internal Security is being held since 2009.
    2. Regular development schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, NRHM, ICDS and PM Awas Yojna etc. continue to work towards upliftment of tribals in LWE affected areas. NFSA, 2013 aims at eradicating hunger would go long way in helping tribals come out of hunger and malnutrition.
    1. Army recruitment to keep youths off Maoism.
    To give special focus to development in the LWE affected areas, MHA has been reviewing the LWE situation regularly through number of review and monitoring mechanisms. Reviews cover operational and developmental issues including those of other Ministries of the Government of India. These mechanisms include:-
    • The Union Home Minister convenes the meetings of Chief Ministers of LWE affected States. The last two meetings were held on February 09, 2015 and May 08, 2017.
    • The Union Home Minister and the Minister of States (Home) visit LWE affected States to review the LWE situation.
    • Review Group Meeting under the chairmanship of the Cabinet Secretary.
    • Meetings by Union Home Secretary with Secretaries of Central Ministries and Chief Secretaries of the LWE affected States and Central Ministries.
    • Empowered Committee under AS(LWE), constituted on May 26, 2015 to review the progress of various developmental schemes/projects.

    It should be noted that Maoist too has their agenda in form of a manifesto, which include almost all those things which State includes, such as addressing caste based discrimination, protection of religious minorities, No displacement by big projects etc.
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